Which of the following is classified as an "encumbrance"?

The classification of encumbrances in real estate refers to any claim, lien, charge, or liability attached to a property that may lessen its value or restrict its use. The correct answer encompasses multiple factors that fit this definition.

Easements allow others to use a portion of a property for a specific purpose, which can affect how the property owner uses their land. Mortgages represent a financial obligation tied to the property, serving as a lien that must be satisfied before the property can be sold free and clear. Leases grant tenants the right to occupy the property, also impacting the property owner's control over their investment.

In contrast, insurance policies provide coverage for potential damages or losses, but they do not directly impact the title or usability of the property itself, hence they are not considered encumbrances. Liens, while they do represent a claim against the property, are singular in comparison to the collective terms of easements, mortgages, and leases which serve as broader categories of encumbrances. Surveys provide important information regarding property boundaries but do not impose any limitations or claims on the property, and therefore are not classified as encumbrances.